Hospitality and Tourism

Week 2 (24/01/2025) 

Discover more recent trends and new development in tourism industry：

1. Budget-Conscious Travel

Economic uncertainties and inflation are influencing travel preferences, leading many to opt for shorter, budget-friendly trips. Travelers are increasingly looking for value and affordability, prompting tourism businesses to introduce flexible pricing models and cost-effective packages

2. AI Integration

The adoption of artificial intelligence (AI) is transforming the tourism sector, enhancing customer service, itinerary planning, and operational efficiency. AI tools are being used for smart booking systems, language translation, and personalized travel recommendations, significantly improving the travel experience.




In particular, explore and discuss the impacts of the recent development of coronavirus towards the tourism industry globally：

1. Decline in International Travel

Due to lockdowns, travel restrictions, and health concerns, international travel plummeted. Many countries closed borders, leading to a significant drop in tourist arrivals. This resulted in massive revenue losses for airlines, hotels, and local businesses.



2. Shift to Domestic Tourism

As international travel became challenging, many travelers turned to domestic tourism. Regions that heavily relied on international visitors had to pivot to attract local tourists. This shift often led to increased interest in national parks, rural destinations, and lesser-known locales.

3.Health and Safety Protocols

The pandemic forced the tourism industry to implement strict health and safety measures. Enhanced cleaning protocols, social distancing, mask mandates, and vaccination requirements became standard. These changes have led to increased operational costs but also reassured travelers regarding health concerns.



Choose one topic from today’s lecture that you’re interested; do further research and provide with real life examples:

The hub-and-spoke system is a model used in various industries, especially in transportation and logistics. It involves a central hub (a main point) connected to multiple spokes (smaller points), facilitating efficient distribution and movement. Here are some real-life examples of the hub-and-spoke system:

1. Airline Industry

Example: Delta Air Lines

Delta operates a hub-and-spoke model with major hubs in cities like Atlanta, Detroit, and Minneapolis. From these hubs, flights are routed to numerous smaller cities, allowing passengers from various locations to connect through the hub to reach their final destinations.

Cost Efficiency: Concentrating flights at hubs reduces empty seats on planes.   Delta saves ~15% on fuel and crew costs versus point-to-point models.

Global Reach: Passengers from small cities (e.g., Boise) can connect via Atlanta to international destinations (e.g., London)



2. Public Transportation

Example: New York City Transit

The subway system in New York City operates with several major hubs (like Times Square and Grand Central) that connect various subway lines. Passengers can transfer between lines at these hubs to reach different neighborhoods within the city.

Seamless Transfers: 60% of riders use hubs to switch lines, reducing walking/commute time.

Scalability: New lines (e.g., Second Avenue Subway) plug into existing hubs.



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